Electronic Cigarettes Induce Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Trigger TLR9 (Toll Like Receptor 9) Mediated Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology E cigarette vapor disables key immune cells in the lung and boosts inflammation NCCUResearchWeek NCCU scientists are leading critical research on vaping, studying its impact on lung health, inflammation, and disease risk as questions around long term effects remain unanswered. Their work is helping inform Chronic airway inflammatory diseases and e cigarette use: a review of health risks and mechanisms European Journal of Medical Research Springer Nature Link