Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological and biological links Pflgers Archiv European Journal of Physiology Springer Nature Link Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), including e cigarettes and vapes, are often perceived as a safer alternative to traditional tobacco. But is the evidence really supporting this belief? A recent umbrella review published Acute exposure to e cigarettes causes inflammation and pulmonary endothelial oxidative stress in nonsmoking, healthy young subjects American Journal of Physiology Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology American Physiological Society Vaping could be worse for your health than actual cigarette smoking research claims The Mirror